Ïåðåïèøèòå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. Ïîä÷åðêíèòå ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. Îïðåäåëèòå èõ òèï. Ïåðåâåäèòå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê.

 

a

 

1. That carbon exists native in only two forms, diamond and graphite, is now the predominating opinion.

2. There is no doubt the experiment will be finished in time.

3. It is very important that scientists know what goes on inside their nuclear reactors.

4. The most interesting thing about semiconductor lasers is that they can transform electrical energy directly into light wave energy.

5. The method the steel is produced by determines its kind.

6. The evaporation would be accelerated provided the temperature were raised.

7. It was necessary to draw the working people into direct creative activity so that the masses of people might govern society and state most successfully.

8. The main problem the scientists had to solve was the possibility of controlling chain reactions.

 

b

 

1. That the attraction forces between the crystals of diamond and graphite are quite different can be seen experimentally.

2. When the workpieces reach the loading position they are removed and a new blank is loaded.

3. Television makes it possible for us to see a distant scene as a transmitter at the television studio telecasts the scene to our receiver.

4. Chemistry is the science that deals with the structure of matter and the transformation it undergoes.

5. What makes cultural values of the past valuable to us is that they disclose themselves in a new way for each new epoch.

6. By the time young people complete their course at school they have acquired the rudiments of a trade.

7. The high-voltage surge the coil produces as the contacts separate must be delivered to the proper cylinder.

8. Oil is supplied to the cylinder walls so the pistons and rings will slide easily and smoothly without undue wear.

 

ñ

 

1. The fundamental principle to be observed in making the connections between the phases is that the windings must be symmetrically grouped.

2. Two days spent in Leningrad convinced our British visitors that Leningraders not only wish for peace but are actively working for it.

3. In Dubna Soviet and foreign physicists discuss their research work which they are carrying on with the aim of peaceful development of science.

4. Now we have different kinds of compasses and we use them not only in navigation but in aircraft, in artillery and even in mining industry as well.

5. We could not enter the laboratory because it was late and nobody was there.

6. As the study of Venus is still going on, it is too early to draw any conclusions about the conditions existing on its surface.

7. Wonderful prospects will be opened up to mankind when we learn to convert solar energy into electricity at high efficiency.

8. Electronics is a young science; it belongs to the twentieth century, although many of its mathematical aspects were worked out in the latter part of the nineteenth century.

  

d

 

1. The part of a mechanism which causes the motion is called the driver, and the one on which motion is effected is termed the follower.

2. Setting up an automatic lathe takes considerable time, during which the machine is idle.

3. Even then a perfect mixture may not result for the air and gasoline vapour instead of being thoroughly combined may be in layers.

4. The elastic limit of a material may be defined as the maximum stress to which it can be subjected without causing permanent deformation.

5. When the piston has completed about 15 per cent of the upstroke, the ports and valves close in quick succession, and the air is compressed in the cylinder.

6. Toward the end of the stroke fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, where it is ignited and burned.

7. Combustion does not start at the moment fuel injection into the cylinder begins, and does not end when injection ceases.

8. The difference between this operation, which may be termed external combustion, and internal combustion is that in the latter case the fuel is burned within the engine itself.

  

e

  

1. Where the cylindrical work has no interfering shoulders, the work is fed through the gap between the wheels.

2. Wheel traverse is the distance the abrasive wheel, travels axially during a complete revolution of the work.

3. As far as construction is concerned, the vertical shaper or slotter is similar to the horizontal shaper, the chief difference is that the ram works in a vertical position on the slotter.

4. In large planers it is customary to have two heads on the cross rail, so that two tools may be cutting simultaneously, thus doubling the capacity of the machine.

5. The principle of operation for round surfaces is that the part to be ground is put upon the centres, and driven exactly as in the ordinary lathe.

6. That no momentum is created nor destroyed by collision emerges from that experiment.

7. The feed mechanism, located at the left-hand end of the machine, regulated the amount the tool moves during one revolution of the spindle.

8. The friction force, instead of being independent of the speed, is directly proportional to it, provided the speed is not too high.

  

f

 

1. When direct current flows through a wire it is evenly distributed throughout the body of the wire.

2. A reactor is a machine that extracts the energy which was put into radioactive materials at the time the universe was created.

3. Were oxygen present it would combine with the hot tungsten.

4. The pentode, so named because it contains five electrodes, was developed to provide a means to eliminate or minimise secondary emission, an emission of electrons.

5. Since electrons are negative charges, they fly to the plate only when the plate is positive.

6. When alternating voltage is applied to the plate, it becomes alternately positive and negative so that plate current flows only during that half of the time when the plate is positive, and only in one direction.

7. The process by which the signal being transmitted is reproduced from the radio-frequency currents present at the receiver is called detection, or sometimes demodulation.

8. The delay may amount to the time of several cycles although, of course, the output frequency is the same as the input frequency.

   

g

  

1. In picture transmission the amplitude of the wave radiated at any one time is made proportional to the light intensity of the part of the picture that is being transmitted at that instant.

2. The field of electronics is usually thought of as electricity that is used in radio, television and other equipment where electron tubes and transistors are needed.

3. The science of electronics belongs to the twentieth century, although many of its mathematical aspects were worked out in the latter part of the nineteenth century.

4. Generating electricity is probably the main use for atomic heat, but there are other important applications.

5. How do we know that cosmic rays originate out-side the earth and even outside the solar system?

6. The air is mixed with the fuel outside of the combustion space and the resulting combustible mixture is drawn into the cylinder where it is ignited under compression by some outside source of heat.

7. The common automobile speedometer is a tachometer whose readings are proportional to the instantaneous angular velocity of the drive shaft, to which it is connected.

8. The operation of the valve mechanism depends upon whether it is a straight poppet valve, an overhead poppet valve, or some other type.

  

h

  

1. Coal and iron should not be burnt together, for coal contains sulphur which makes iron and steel brittle. 2. We know solidification begins at certain points called centres of crystallisation.

3. That the concept of oxidation is related to valency should be well known.

4. Coremaking is the art of producing cores which are an exact reproduction of the internal shape of a core box.

5. Centrifugal force causes the molten iron to assume the shape of a thin tube, and no core is necessary.

6. X-ray machines, which depend upon electricity, are used in industry to detect flaws in metal.

7. Tantalum was used with some success but it was tungsten that gave what is still the best of filaments.

8. Some heat-resistant glasses can be heated until they are red and then plunged into ice water without breaking.

   

i

 

1. The white cast iron were slowly cooled in the molds it would have a structure of ferrite and free carbon in the form of graphite.

2. Then the cast metal is allowed to cool slowly at a rate not exceeding 8 to 10 degrees per hour until the heat reaches 1200°F, at which heat the door of the furnace may be opened and the charge of castings removed to cool in air.

3. In our experiences we have observed that the outward appearance of matter is constantly changing, so that it would be reasonable to assume that its mass is also undergoing some sort of change.

4. The liquid in which a solid or gas has been dispersed to form a solution is called the solvent, while the substance that is being dissolved is called the solute.

5. The iron and the sulphur, therefore, act just the same as they did before they were mixed, and with the same energy.

6. Iron rusts more rapidly in hot water than in cold, provided the water is equally aerated in the two cases.

7. Temperature is the intensity or degree of heat while the quantity of heat is the actual amount of kinetic energy a certain body contains.

8. These mobile particles thus constitute a kind of unbound negative charge, though the object as a whole is electrically neutral.

  

j

  

1. Which method is preferred depends entirely on circumstances.

2. Whether or not a social system evolves and survives is dependent on the efficiency with which it processes infor­mation.

3. The advan­tage of suspension bridges is that they permit wider spans than any other type.

4. Another set of questions of impor­tance is whether automation is likely to increase capital requirements materially.

5. If a student is ill and cannot appear before the examination board he is to present a medical certificate, in which case the examination has to be postponed.

6. Now you must have one thing or the other, for which reason you should make up your mind which you want.

7. These quan­tities were to be determined correctly, for which purpose we used their technique.

8. Although there is no generally accepted theory, there is much data.

 

k

  

1. The only way to tell whether a device is a robot or not is to see how it works and what it does.

2. A phototube or "electric eye" sees because electrons are liberated when light strikes certain substances within the tube.

3. Although every effort should be made to confine precision methods of measurement to the tool room or gauge inspection departments, certain occasions arise, when they must be made during production.

4. Another interesting problem which we have to solve by means of cybernetics is that of remote control of power, irrigation and water supply systems.

5. Polar exploration has become of particular value with the development of aviation, because the shortest routes between many important places lie across the Poles.

6. One way to do this is to vary the amplitude of the radiated wave in accordance with the intelligence which is to be transmitted.

7. That the radio is the fastest and most reliable way to detect artificial satellites is well known to everybody.

8. When the temperature reaches absolute zero, some metals acquire the property of superconductivity.